przez Monika Urbanczyk 2 lat temu
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Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
przez Monika Urbanczyk 2 lat temu
242
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mainly:
Europe
East Asia
East North America
The trees have typically large broad leaves, such as oak, beech and elm. These form the canopy layer. As some light can get through, the vegetation is layered. The sub-canopy layer grows in spaces between the taller trees, where there is more water when it rains and more light. Beneath the sub-canopy trees is a shrub layer. The shrub layer contains species like hazel, ash and holly. Grass, bracken or bluebells can be found in the ground layer.
Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests
33
Rakiura Island (Stewart) just south of the South Island of New Zealand supports one of the most southern temperate rainforests in the world.
1. Forest-tundra
2. Dwarf tundra
3. Moss-lichen tundra
4. Arctic tundra
https://www.mindomo.com/mindmap/9d561b3a0eca4e95b62762fdc4f666df
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_krzewinkowa
Usnea articulata
Graphina pauciloculata
Cladonia Coccifera
Lecanora tartae
Lecanora parella
Parmelia saxatilis
Parmelia omphalodes
Caloplaca luteoalba
Pertusaria melanochlora
Schismatomma graphidioides
Teloschistes flavicans
Schistostega
Sphagnum cuspidatum
Acrobolbus wilsonii
Isothecium myosuroides
Empetrum nigrum, Helianthemum nummularium, Orchis mascula, Parnassia palustris, Ophrys insectifera, Helianthemum nummularium, Thlaspi caerulescens, Minuartia verna, Viola lutea
Drosera anglica
Drosera intermedia
Drosera rotundifolia
Sedum anglicum
Galanthus nivalis
Anagallis arvensis
Primula vulgaris
Urtica dioica
Filipendula ulmaria
Geum urbanum
Linum usitatissimum
Dipsacus fullonum
Stellaria graminea
Tussilago farfara
Narthecium ossifragum
Hyacinthoides non-scripta
Arum maculatum
Eriophorum vaginatum
Rubus fruticosus
Clematis vitalba
Crataegus monogyna
Sorbus aucuparia L
Euonymous europaeus
Ulmus minor
Taxus baccata
Bacidia rosella, Thelopsis rubella, Pachyphiale carneola, Lecanora glabrata, Pyrenula nitida, Opegrapha ochrocheila
Sanicula europaea, Anemone hepatica, Actaea spicata, Adoxa moschatellina
Brachypodium pinnatum
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)
Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
European oak (Quercus robur)
Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Silver Birch Betula pendula
European beech (Fagus sylvatica)
Aspen (Populus tremula)
Ash (Fraxinus ornus)
Pittosporum heterophyllum
Podocarpus neriifolius
Machilus thunbergii
Neolitsea sericea
Cinnamomum camphora
Cycas rumphii
Cycas revoluta
Castanopsis sieboldii
Białowieża Forest: Forest stands comprise mainly : Norway spruce - 26%, Scots pine - 24%, black alder - 17%, pedunculate oak- 12%, and birch : betula pendula, betula pubescens - 11%. Ash, Small-leaved lime, Norway maple, Poplar, Aspen, and elms constitute additives in the species composition of forest stands, though locally they can be the predominant tree types.
http://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/bialowieza-forest/
https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/33ter.pdf
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Peltigera canina
Pawężnica psia
Parasol mushroom
Czubajka kania
Rhodotus palmatus
Żyłkowiec różowawy
Apioperdon
Beefstaek fungus
Honey mushroom
Polypores
Geastrum
Antrodia sitchensis
jamkówka północna
Sarcoscypha coccinea
Czarka szkarłatna
Humaria hemisphaerica
Grzybówkam mleczajowa
Slime molds
śluzowce
Lobaria pulmonaria
Paludella squarrosa
Pleurozium schreberi
Funaria hygrometrica
OTHER PLANTS
Mercurialis perennis
Phyteuma spicatum
Euphorbia dulcis
/ groszek wschodnio-karpacki
Aruncus dioicus
Goatsbeard / Parzydło leśne
Impatiens nolitangere
Pulmonaria obscura
Geranium robertianum
Dracocephalum ruyschiana
Lathyrus niger Bernh
Melittis melissophyllum
Campanula cervicaria
Lamium galeobdolon
Stachys sylvatica
Pulmonaria officinalis
Impatiens noli-tangere
Campanula trachelium
Gagea minima
Lathraea squamaria
Chimaphila umbellata
Epipactis palustris
Agrimonia pilosa
Rzepik szczeciniasty
Thesium ebracteatum
Leniec bezpodkwiatkowy
Jacob's ladder / Wielosił błękitny
Saxifraga hirculus
Skalnica torfowiskowa
Eriophorum gracile
Wełnianka delikatna / Cotton grass
Iris sibirica
Gymnadenia conopsea
Gółka długoostrogowa, koślarek
Epipogium aphyllum
Lamiastrum galeobdolon
Lamium galeobdolon, commonly known as yellow archangel, artillery plant, aluminium plant, or yellow weasel-snout
is a widespread wildflower in Europe / Gajowiec żółty
Viola epipsila
Fiołek torfowy
Arnica montana
Lathyrus laevigatus
Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum
Gnidosz królewski
Swertia perennis
Niebielistka trwała
Wood-sorrel. common in most of Europe and parts of Asia / Szczawik zajęczy
Convallaria majalis
Lily of the valley / Konwalia majowa
Cephalanthera rubra
Buławnik czerwony
Neottia cordata
Gnieźnik sercowaty , listera sercowata
Neottia nidus-avis
Bird’s Nest Orchid /
Kingcup (Caltha palustris)
Ramsons (Allium ursinum)
Coral-root bittercress
Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus)
Festuca heterophylla
Kostrzewa różnolistna
Sambucus racemosa
Prunus spinosa
Śliwa tarnina
Salix myrsinifolia
European Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)
Genista tinctoria
Janowce
Calluna vulgaris
Cytisus ruthenicus
Daphne mezereum
mezereum, mezereon, February daphne, spurge laurel or spurge olive / Wawrzynek wilczełyko
Berberis
Euonymus europaeus
Euonymus verrucosa
Salix myrtilloides
Salix aurita
Gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa)
Dwarf birch (Betula nana)
Willow (Salix purpurea)
Betula humilis /nana
Brzoza niska
Betula humilis
The face of the forest in the Białowieża Primeval Forest is mainly determined by: hornbeam (grab) and linden (lipa), maple (klon) and oak (dąb), in wetter habitats alder (olsza) and ash (jesion), and of conifers - spruce (świerk); pine (sosna). More than half of the area of the Polish part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest is covered by oak-hornbeam (English oak) forests with linden (lipa) and maple trees (koln), the so-called hornbeam forests, growing on the most fertile soils in slightly undulating terrain. In these forests, trees grow to the largest size. Large areas in the Forest are occupied by mixed forests, i.e. fresh ones, with a stand consisting of pine (sosna), oak (dąb) and spruce (świerk). They are usually adjacent to oak-hornbeam forests, but occupy higher positions on cryogenic soils. Much rarer than this type of boron is the mixed low, oak-spruce coniferous forest growing on shallow field troughs on gliobelosis-type soils. In deep peat deposits, we occasionally meet the so-called spruce with numerous species, the so-called mountainous and boreal-mountainous. Its sites in the Białowieża Primeval Forest are the southernmost outposts of this northern type of forest community. Pine forests on mineral soils hide numerous plants of a continental nature, including pasque-flower, lupine clover, and genera. On raised bogs, we can find pine swamp forests with bog blueberries and a swamp.
ols
Cerasus avium
wiśnia ptasia
Larix decidua
Although they are conifers, larches are deciduous trees that lose their needles in the autumn.
/ Wiąz górski
Betula obscura
Norway spruce (Picea abies)
European beech (fagus sylvatica)
Salix caprea
Wierzba iwa / willow
Ulmus laevis
Wiąz szypułkowy, limak
Ulmus glabra
Wiąz górski, w. szorstki, brzost
Lipa drobnolistna
Quercus petraea
Sessile Oak / Dąb bezszypułkowy
Populus tremula -Aspen
Corylus - Hazel
Klon zwyczajny, klon pospolity
Downy birch / Brzoza omszona
świerk pospolity
Brown forest soils
Soils
Soils of the BF represent various types – from poor sands through loam to peat soils. In
the western part of the forest loam soils overgrown with deciduous forest predominate while
in the eastern part poor soils with coniferous and mixed forest are most abundant. The soils of
the BF belong to the divisions of: Autogenic soils, Semi-hydrogenic soils, Hydrogenic soils,
Alluvial soils and Antropogenic soils.
Brown forest soils predominate in the sandy gravel elevations of the ablation plateau.
Within this class of soils the following types are met: leached brown soil, podzolized brown
soil, crypto-podzol soil and rusty soil. In clay formations typical lessive soils and podzolized
lessive soils are met. Small areas of pararendzinas soils occur in carbonate gravels of some
kame hills. Eolic plains and dune sands are dominated by podzol soils (podzolized rusty soils,
podzol soils (xero-podzol) and podzolized ranker soils). Flat plains with shallow ground water
are covered with podzol soils and gley-podzol soils. High moor peat bog soils, transitional
peat bog soils and peaty gley-podzol soils are also present around boggy depressions. On the
sloping surfaces gley soils predominate but gleyed lessive soils and podzolic gley-soils are
also present. Along the river beds the reed-sedge soils of low moore and transitional peat bog
soils stretch. Along the edge of moraine plateau the alder peat-bog soils and muck-peat soils
appear. In water-logged depressions semi-boggy soils are met, including muck-mineral soils,
black-earth soils, gley-soils and muck soils (Kwiatkowski 1994).
leached brown soil
podzolized brown soil
crypto-podzol soil
rusty soil
poor sands
loam
peat soils
Autogenic soils
Semi-hydrogenic soils
Hydrogenic soils
Alluvial soils
Antropogenic soils
PRIMEVAL FOREST
SUMER LOOK
1st PASS HERO
Carpinion betuli
https://atlas-roslin.pl/zbiorowiska/Galio-Carpinetum_betuli_typicum.htm
http://www.encyklopedia.lasypolskie.pl/doku.php?id=l:lasy-gradowe
spring
April - May: Ranunculus auricomus/jaskier
late April - early June: Stellaria holostea
April - June: Galium odoratum
late May -early June: Lonicera xylosteum
June - July: Aegopodium podagraria
April - June: Asperula odorata
LICHES
FLOWERS
SHURBS
Liquidambar styraciflua
Liriodendron
Ulmus americana
Carpinus caroliniana
Sassafras
Cornus
Dogwood
GROUND
PALEARTIC
The stand consists of English oak, small-leaved lime, ash, elm, maple, black alder, in the south-west. beech parts; the conifers are dominated by pine and spruce, in the E. parts also Siberian fir.
Mixed forests, depending on the type of habitat they occupy, can be divided into:
mixed marsh forests - near water bodies; the stand consists of mossy birch, spruce, pine and black alder; undergrowth with buckthorn, stalk, juniper and rowan; undergrowth with sphagnum, blueberry, sedge, herbaceous plants and ferns;
fresh mixed forests - moderately fertile and fairly humid areas; the stand consists of sessile oak and pine; undergrowth with rowan, buckthorn, bumble bee and hazel;
mixed wet forests - moderately fertile and humid areas; the stand consists of pine, English oak, spruce or fir; in the undergrowth, buckthorn, hazel, rowan and bird cherry; fleece composed of moisture-loving species.
http://www.encyklopedia.lasypolskie.pl/doku.php?id=l:lasy-gradowe
Subtopic
FUNGI
Laetiporus sulphureus
Żółciak siarkowy
Mycena galopus
Grzybówka mleczajowa
Fomitopsis pinicola
Lucoperdon pyriforme
purchawka gruszkowata
Grifola
Żagwica listkowata
Grifola fondosa
Hericium
Soplówka
Calocera viscosa
Pięknoróg lepki
Boreostereum radiatum
ciemnoskórnik północny
Pholiota
LICHENS
Rhizocarpon geographicum
Wzorzec geograficzny
Pseudevernia furfuracea
Xanthoria parietina
Złotorost ścienny
Xanthoria elegans
Cladonia fimbriata
Chrobotek strzępiasty
MOSSES
Anomodon
Ptilidium pulcherrimum
Polytrichum commune
Leucobryum glaucum
Hylocomium splendens
stag's-horn clubmoss, running clubmoss, or ground pine / widłak goździsty
Sphagnum
Torfowce
Pohlia nutans
Polytrichastrum formosum
Plagiothecium Curvifolium
Mnium hornum
Dicranella heteromalla
Bra-chytheciastrum velutinum
Atrichum undulatum
FLOWERING PLANTS
Trollius europaeus
Globeflower / Pełnik europejski
Martagon Lily
Polygonatum odoratum
Kokoryczka wonna
Aquilegia vulgaris
Anemone patens
Pulsatilla patens / Sasanka otwarta
Pedicularis sceptrum
Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum / Gnidosz królewski
Linnaea borealis
Zimoziół północny / Twinflower
Isopyrum thalictroides
Campanula persicifolia
or Campanula cervicaria
Polemonium caeruleum
Jacob's ladder / Wielosił błękitny
Digitalis grandiflora
Digitalis grandiflora, the yellow foxglove, big-flowered foxglove, or large yellow foxglove, / Naparstnica zwyczajna
Lysimachia vulgaris
April - June
Anemone nemorosa
Wood anemone
Ajuga reptans
Anemone hepatica
Anemone hepatica (syn. Hepatica nobilis), the common hepatica, liverwort, kidneywort, or pennywort, / Przylaszczka pospolita
Mycelis muralis
Lactuca muralis, the wall lettuce / sałatnik leśny
Chaerophyllum temulum
Świerząbek gajowy
Euphorbia amygdaloides
or/and Euphorbia dulcis
Anemonoides ranunculoides
Maianthemum bifolium
Oxalis acetosella
Wood-sorrel common in most of Europe and parts of Asia / Szczawik zajęczy
Flowering time:
April May. This year, it almost did not bloom for the May weekend, because spring came very early. You can meet leaves all year round, but flowers - until the leaves appear on the trees.
Aegopodium podagraria
It blooms in June and July
Galeobdolon luteum
Ranunculus auricomus
Flowering period: from April to May
Galium odoratum
blooms from April to June
Galium schultesii
or Galium sylvaticum
przytulia leśna
Stellaria holostea
late April to early June
PLANTS
Genus Drosera
Lycopodium
Huperzia selago
Diphasiastrum × issleri
Lycopodiella inundata
Lycopodium annotinum
Lycopodium clavatum
Hedera helix
Common ivy / Bluszcz pospolity
Pteridium aquilinum
Polypodium vulgare
Matteuccia struthiopteris
Equisetum telmateia
Great horsetail
Paris quadrifolia
Hordelymus europaeus
Athyrium filix-femina
Asarum europaeum
Dryopteris filix-mas
GRASS
else
Deschampsia flexuosa
Hierochloe odorata
Hierochloe odorata or Anthoxanthum nitens / Turówka wonna
Glyceria nemoralis
Glyceria nemoralis is a species of grass belonging to the family
Poaceae . Its native range is Eastern Central and Eastern Europe to
Caucasus / Manna gajowa
Cyperaceae
Melica nutans
Carex pilosa
Poa nemoralis
Brachypodium sylvaticum
Milium effusum
Carex sylvatica
Carex umbrosa
turzyca cienista
Carex digitata
SHRUBS
Sambucus nigra
or/and Sambucus racemosa
Viscum album
Salix cinerea
Wierzba szara, łoza
Crataegus
hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, hawberry / głóg
Rubus
Brambles / Jezyna
Chamaecytisus
Szczodrzeniec
Vaccinium myrtillus
European Blueberry
Juniperus communis
hail
Corus
Prunus padus
bird cherry, hackberry, hagberry, or Mayday tre
Viburnum
Ribes nigrum
Sorbus aucuparia
Rowan / jarzębina
Lonicera xylosteum
It blooms in late May and early June
Frangula alnus
Ribes alpinum
porzeczka alpejska
saplings of linden, hornbeam, maple and oaks
Sorbus torminalis
wild service tree, chequers, checker tree/Jarząb brekinia
Acer campestre
and/ or Acer platanoides
Cornus sanguinea
Euonymus verrucosus
also E. europaeus
It blooms in May and June
The fruits ripen in the second half of August and fall off at different times.
Corylus avellana
Common hazel
TREES
Firs (Abies)
Pine (Pinus)
Abies Sibirica
Siberian fir
Pinus sylvestris
Scots pine / sosna zwyczajna
Betula pendula
Brzoza brodawkowata, brzoza zwisła
Betula
Betula verrucosa
Betula pubescens
Downy birch / Mssy birch / Brzoza omszona
Populus tremula
Topola osika, osika, topola drżąca
Alnus glutinosa
Black alder / Olsza czarna
Carpinion betul / haili
BROADLEAF TREES
Fraxinus excelsior
ash /Jesion wyniosły
Picea abies
Norway spruce or European spruce / świerk pospolity
Acer platanoides
Norway maple /possibile Acer pseudoplatanus, A. platanoides and A. campestre
Klon zwyczajny, klon pospolity
Fagus sylvatica -Beech
Ulmus leavis
European white elm/ wiąz szypułkowy
Quercus robur
Quercus robur, commonly known as common oak, pedunculate oak, European oak or English oak
Dąb szypułkowy
English oak (Quercus robur)
Tilia cordata
the small-leaved lime-linden / Lipa drobnolistna
Carpinus betulus
hornbeam / grab
AUSTRALASIA
INDO-MALAYAN
PALEARCTIC
NEOTROPIC
NEARCTIC
Ancient olive trees - Apulia, Italy
Braunton Burrows- UK
Regions
Central European forest
beach forest
Poland
mixed forests
Virgin Forest, Bialowieza
Beech forest
Pakistan
Forest near Panjpeer
Pine Tree Forest - PK
Ushu Forest - PK
Japan
UK
Kingley Vale - UK
Bradgate Park
Wetland / Swamp
Swamp priority - North America with aligators
Kampinos. Poland
Bialowieza. Poland
Swamp, USA
Wetland collection 1
Scanned collections
Valley
Pine Essentials
Mountain Slope
Forrest Undergrowth
Stump
Dead stumps
https://quixel.com/megascans/collections?category=essential&category=3d&category=dead-stumps
Nordic Forrest
Wasteland
