Lipid Map

Lipid Map

Synthesis of triglycerides

Dehydration synthesis

3 water molecules liberated

3 fatty acids bonds to glycerol

Form an ester linkage between the carboxyl group of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of an alcohol monomer such as glycerol

Structure

Amphipathic Molecules

A molecule with both polar and non-polar functional groups

Oleic acid

Bilding Block Molecules

Three hydroxyl (OH) groups

Five hydrogens

An alcohol with three carbons

C3H8O3

Fatty Acids

Unsaturated

One or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds are present

Saturated

Carbon-to-carbon bonds in the hydrocarbon chain are single covalent bonds

Acid group: Carboxyl group (―COOH)

A long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain

CHO

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Carbon

Monomers

Glycerol

Fatty acids

Concept

Over twenty different fatty acids in food and two essential fatty acids

Lipids can be oxidized to produce a hefty 9 calories per g

Predominantly non-polar molecules

A macrobiomolecule soluble in nonpolar solvents

Functions

SHIPS

S - Structural components

P - Protection

I - Insulation

H - Hormonal roles

S - Storage and Source of energy

Lipid Groups

Phospholipids

Closed lipid monolayers

Micelles

Micelle Factors

Controlled variables

The researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment.

Dependent variable

It is something that depends on other factors

Independent variable

It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

Spherical amphiphilic structures that have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell

Phospholipids form liposomes

Phospholipid molecules form a double layer, or bilayer, in a much larger sphere. c

Monomers include two fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

The fatty acid segment,“tail,” is strongly hydrophobic.

Contain a special monomer unit, a strongly polar or ionic phosphate-containing group that adds solubility to one end of the lipid.

The phosphate group segment,“head,” is strongly hydrophilic

The mayor component of plasma membranes and it is partially soluble in water.

Fluid mosaic model

There is a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules are embedded. The lipid bilayer gives fluidity and elasticity to the membrane.

Carbohydrate groups

Attached to proteins, forming glycoproteins, or lipids, forming glycolipids.

Membrane proteins

Integral proteins, Transmembrane, Periphereal proteins

Cholesterol

Phospholipid bilayer

1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, A phosphate group

Fats

Most fats are triglycerides

Three fatty acids bonded to the same glycerol molecule through ester linkages

Two kinds of monomers, fatty acids and glycerol

Two types: Fats and Oils

Steroids

Cholesterol is the precursor of hormones :estrogen and testosterone

Steroid molecules do not contain a fatty acid chain, and the monomer of a steroid biomolecule is difficult to define.

Containing four fused (directly attached) carbon rings

Waxes

Bees synthesize beeswax honeycombs for storing food and protecting offspring.

Waxy coating on the surface of an ant's

Non polar: repel water

Two monomers

One fatty acid bonded through an ester linkage to one alcohol