RELATIVE CLAUSES

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EXERCICE http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/multi/relative1.htm

We can omit the relative pronoun if it is not the subject of the clause

He liked the people (that) he lived with.

This is the report which I was referring to.

This is the report to which I was referring.

He liked the people with whom he lived.

FORMAL AND INFORMAL STRUCTURE

When the antecedent is followed by a preposition

Informal

WHICH/THAT+VERB+PREP (OBJECT)

WHO/THAT+VERB+PREP (PERSON)

Formal

PREP+WHICH+SENTENE (OBJECT)

PREP+WHOM+SENTENCE (PERSON)

My sister, whose dog I'm looking after, is visiting a friend in Spain.

Portaventura, where we used to go, has been closed down.

December, when Christmas is celebrated, is my favourite month.

The house, which is very big, is also very cold!

Yesterday I met my new boss, who was very nice.

WITH (,)

WITHOUT (,)

The house whose roof is old belongs to me.

I live in the city where I study.

The summer when I graduated from university was long and hot.

The university which she likes is famous.

The cyclist who won the race trained hard.

Plato is my best friend who loves philosophy.

Plato is my best friend. He loves philosophy.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

We use relative clauses to highlight an aspect of the antecedent or to join sentences.

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Provide additional information of the antecedent.

When (TIME)

Which (ANIMAL OR OBJECT)

Who (PERSON)

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Provide essential information of the antecedent.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Whose (POSSESSION)

Where (PLACE)

When/That (TIME)

Which/That (ANIMAL OR OBJECT)

Who/That (PERSON)