THE 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (LLS)

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Types of Language Learning Strategies

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Good habits

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Psychological Schools of Thought

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Prepared by: Aileen Tiong Ling (GP03727) Program Eksekutif Sarjana UKM

THE 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (LLS)

Oxford's (1990)

Indirect

Social

Emphathising with others

Cooperating with others

Asking questions

Taking emotional temperature

Encouraging oneself

Lowering anxiety

Evaluating learning

Arranging & planning learning

Centering learning

Direct

Compensation

Overcoming limitations in speaking & writing

Guessing intelligently

Creating structure for input & output

Analysing & reasoning

Receiving & sending messages strategies

Practising

Memory

Employing action

Reviewing well

Applying images & sounds

Creating mental linkages

O'Malley's (1985)

Socioaffective

Question for clarification

Cooperation

Transacting with others

Social-mediating

Inferencing

Transfer

Elaboration

Contextualisation

Keywords

Auditory representation

Recombination

Deduction

Note-taking

Grouping

Translation

Resourcing

Repetition

Metacognitive

Self-evaluation

Delayed production

Self-monitoring

Functional planning

Self-management

Selective attention

Directed attention

Advanced organisers

Stern's (1992)

Affective

Langauge learning training

Voicing frustrations

Drawing attention to possible frustrations

Build positive feelings

Aware of perceptions towards langauge learning

Interpersonal

Evaluate performance

Monitor development

Get familiar with the culture of the target langauge

Cooperate with native speakers

Communicate with native speakers

Communicative - Experiential

Use verbal & non-verbal instruments

Asking for explanation

Asking for repetition

Paraphrasing

Gesturing

Circumlocution

Cognitive

Monitoring

Memorisation

Practice

Deductive Reasoning

Guessing/ Inductive Inferencing

Clarification/ Verification

Management & Planning

Evaluate success

Monitor progress

Select appropriate resources

Decide on a methodology

Set reasonable goals

Decide on commitments