Chloroplast

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Chemistry Chemistry is ultimately the study of matter including how it behaves and . Additionally in this unit we talked about how to describe properties and changes using diagrams and nomenclature, and equations.

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Electrostatics

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Cell Transport

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Periodicity

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Main factors that effect the rate of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and light intensity. All of the factors can increase the rate of photosynthesis.

This is a link to a photo of the connection between the chloroplast and mitochondria: https://dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net/datastreams/f-d%3A1be71b76097a757e52e03377b14aa3475432ec2eb3fdf73fedb95fa1%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY.1

The chemical formula for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

The chemical formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2

Both organelles are located in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Chloroplast like the mitochondria have an inner and outer membrane used for the protection of the organelle. The fluid that fills the chloroplast is called the stroma, it also surrounds the grana The grana is the stack of thylakoids that allow photosynthesis to occur. They thylakoids are the site of the light-dependent reactions.

The mitochondria has an inner and outer membrane used for the protection of the organelle. It also has another inner membrane which is folded again and again to create layered structures called the cirsta. The cirsta had proteins on it that are useful to the cell. The fluid that fills the mitochondria is called the matrix.

Converts chemical energy (sugars) into other forms of energy such as ATP which can be used around the cell for many different functions.

Converts light energy into chemical energy (sugars).

Found in animal cells

Found in plant cells

Both oxygen and CO2 (carbon dioxide) are involved in their process of converting to energy.

The structure of chloroplast and mitochondria also have similarities. They both contain a fluid like substance inside them. They also both have an outer and inner membrane.

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells. Photosynthesis uses CO2 and water. The CO2 and water go through two series of reactions the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions. Once the reactions have taken place sugars and oxygen are produced, as well as ATP. The light dependent reactions use sunlight and water to in the end produce oxygen, ATP, NADPH. The light independent reactions in the end use the CO2 and NADPH to produce sugars. The oxygen produced in photosynthesis along with the sugars are then used in cellular respiration. This occurs when an animal eats a plant. The animals use the oxygen and sugars to produce amino acids, sugars, and fats. Going through the aerobic process the animal will produce CO2 and ATP. This CO2 can then be used by plants again to keep the cycle continuous. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of animal cells.

Mitochondria

Chloroplast