student autonomy

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Self-Determination Theory

Relatedness

Students feel a sense of relatedness "when they perceive that their teachers like, value, and respect them."

Tough, Paul. Helping Children Succeed: What Works and Why. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016. Print.

Available Online: http://www.paultough.com/helping/web/

Competence

Students want to feel that they are learning, and that the task is valuable. To provide students with a sense of competence, teachers should use meaningful, authentic tasks and push students just beyond what students know they can do.

Autonomy

"To all intents and purposes, the autonomous learner takes a (pro-) active role in the learning process, generating ideas and availing himself of learning opportunities, rather than simply reacting to various stimuli of the teacher (Boud, 1988; Kohonen, 1992; Knowles, 1975)."

The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. VI, No. 11, November 2000

self esteem

perceived competence

behavior problems

intrinsic motivation

STUDENT AUTONOMY

"The three ideas that tend to push kids toward a sense of intrinsic motivation are feelings of belonging, feelings of confidence and feelings of autonomy." (Paul Tough)

Learn more about Paul Tough's most recent book, Helping Children Succeed: What Works and Why. Read it online for free, thanks to Paul and his publisher.

Personal Accountability

Meaningful Work

Engagement

Belonging

Trust