1.1.THE SENSE ORGANS

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1.1.THE SENSE ORGANS

'Six Thinking Hats' can help you to look at problems from different perspectives, but one at a time, to avoid confusion from too many angles crowding your thinking.

Tongue

The top of your tongue is bumpy because it’s covered by small bumps called papillae, which contain your taste buds. Taste buds are made up of taste cells which send taste signals to the brain, which identifies the taste for you. This is how you taste sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and savoury flavours.

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Nose

We can smell things because when air enters the nasal cavity, the specialized cells in the olfactory bulb detect the stimuli and send them to the brain through the Olfactory Nerve. When this information arrives in the brain, it recognizes and identifies smells.

Eyes

Finally, the cornea is a clear layer at the front of the eye that protects it.

For the light focused on the retina, our eyes have lens.

The optic nerve takes these signals to the brain.

Once the light is in our eye it passes to the retina. ((the retina is made up of receptor cells and turn the light into electrical signals that our brain can understand)

The pupil can change sizes with the help of the iris that can control the amount of light that enters the eye.(If the light is too bright, the pupil will shrink to let in less light and protect the eye. If it's dark, the iris will open the pupilup so more light can get into the eye.

We can see things because light enters our eyesthrough the pupil

Ear

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The ear is divided into three parts:

EUSTACHIAN TUBE

This tube runs between the ear and the throat and it keeps the same pressure on both sides of the eardrum. Have you ever had trouble hearing on an airplane? Try yawning or chewing gum and pop! Your eustachian tube will open and you'll be able to hear normally again.

3. The inner ear: it contains the hearing organ called the cochlea. This organ contains the receptor cells and helps to take the vibrations and translate them into electrical signals for the Auditory Nerve to send to the brain. The inner ear also has fluid filled tubes that help with your balance.

2. The middle ear: it contains three bones in it (the ossicles). When the eardrum vibrates, these bones vibrate too and make the sound louder. The middle ear transfers the sounds from the air to the inner ear.

1. The outer ear: it contains the ear canal, which helps sound to travel further inside our ear; and the eardrum, a thin membrane that vibrates when the sound hits it.

We hear because vibrations travel through the air and enter the ear. Then they are processed and sent to the brain.

Skin

The skin is the body’s biggest organ and, among other functions, it provides us with information about everything we touch (pressure, pain, temperature...). It contains millions of receptors which respond to sensations. The signals that they send to your brain are what creates the sense of touch.

The skin has three layers:

3. Fat layer: it is the inner layer and keeps us warm.

2. Dermis: it is the middle layer, containing sweat glands.

1. Epidermis: it is the outer layer, and it contains specialized cells that receive information from the outside.

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