Present perfect / Past simple

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Teaching Grammar - Topic 1

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Present perfect / Past simple

To give new information (general summary).

The Us space shuttle Atlants has returned safely to earth.

Use with today, this morning, this week etc. When these periods are not finished at the time of speaking.

I have shaved today.

Use for a state which has gone on up to the present.

She has been in the hospital for three days.

To talk about something happened in the past, but we don't specify when it has happened.

I have bought a new car.

Shows a relation between past time and present time.

My sister has written many books.

Have/has + subject + past participle ?

Has she eaten a lot?

Have you eaten a lot?

Subject + have/has + not + past participle

María hasn't eaten a lot.

I haven't eaten a lot.

Subject + have/has + past participle

María has eaten a lot.

I have eaten a lot.

Yet

So far

She has phoned me four time so far.

Since

She has worked since 2000.

Ever/never

He has never played golf before.

Subtopic

Use

To give the details.

It landed in Florida this morning.

Use with today, this morning, this week, etc. when these periods are finished at the time of speaking.

He didn't shave today.

Use for a state in the past in a period which is finished.

I was in the hospital for three days.

To indicate that something happened at a specific time in the past.

I bought a new car last week.

Talks about actions and events in the past that are now finished.

Shakespeare wrote many plays.

Interrogative

Did + subject + infinitive ?

Did she eat a lot?

Did you eat a lot?

Negative

Subject +did+not+ infinitive

She didn't eat a lot.

I didn't eat a lot.

Estructure

Subject + past simple

She ate a lot.

I ate a lot.

Clue words

Yesterday

She didn't play golf yesterday.

Ago

She phoned me two hours ago.

Last

My sister played soccer last friday.