Separation

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Separation Methods

Paper chromatography

Uses of paper chromatography: -To find the dyes used in ink -To find the dyes used in food

Paper chromatography is used to separate small amounts of mixtures.

Magnetic Attraction

Uses of magnetic attraction: -Food processing -To salvage scrap iron and steel

Magnetic attraction can be used to separate magnetic materials from those that are not attracted by a magnet.

Filtration

The insoluble solid is called the residue and the liquid that passed throught the filter paper is called the filtrate

Uses of Filtration -Vacuum cleaners -Coffee Makers

Filtration can be used to separate an insoluble solid from the liquid in a liquid-solid mixture

Evaporation

Uses of evaporation -to get salt from seawater

The solid left behind as the residue

Evaporation is used to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid. The dissoled solid must be stable to heat and not decompose.

Reverse Osmosis

In reverse osmosis, sea water is pre-treated to remove debris and contaminants

Fractional Distillation

Uses of fractional distillation: -To separate crude oil

Fractional distillation is used to separate more than two liquids in a mixture of miscible liquids.

Distillation

Uses of distillation -To make perfumes -Desalination plants

Distillation is used to separate a pure liquid from a solid-liquid or liquid-liquid mixture