Gender Biases in media sports

Gender Biases in media sports

institutional oppression for women

women as weak

Men as powerful

Media reinforcing hegemonic masculinity in sports

Gender Marking

men's sports referred as just "hockey" and "golf"

CBS's used blue color to denote men matches

"women's hockey" and "ladies golf"

CBS's coverage of NCAA used pink to denote women's matches

women sports are categorized as others

devoting less time to the coverage women's sports events

women's sports shown at the margins of the screen whereas main focus on men's sports

sexual objectifying

dress code differences

Survival of the prettiest

media focuses more on their physical attractiveness than their performance

Maria Sharapova, a tennis player

Less media coverage to the female-dominated sports

commit to consistent coverage

Subtopic

advertisement revenue

celebrity status influenced

results in less sponsorships

less money for the sport and athlete

Rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming, figure skating

Television Networks

women's sports are relegated to secondary channels

ESPN2

self-feeding cycle

women as non-athletic and men as athletic

feature sportswomen who are hotter than better

SportsCenter only gave 2% of women sports coverage

target audience men

showing female models, nudes and weaker than men

Infantilizing female athletes

symbolic oppression

referred them as "Girls" or "young ladies"

roles as mothers or girlfriends before athletes

fundamental roles for women

socially suitable

depreciate sportswomen's accomplishments

ESPN magazines

featuring female athletes

feminized, not dressed in athletic attire and words use are hot, sexy

shows sports are less important for women athletes.

features mostly male athletes

looking heroic, dressed in athletic attire, words used are strong, powerful

to increase sales

Male Commentators target women athletes

hire more female commentators

change culture in sports department

cultivation theory

mainstreaming notion

negative portrayal of women in sport

express less excitement when covering female athletes

making trivial jokes

putting sexual visuals