Marine and freshwater

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Marine and freshwater

microorganism in freshwater ecosystem

benthic

viruses

microorganism in open ocean (pelagic)

proteorhodopsin that give ATP to poor nutrient water

oligotrophic

cyanobacteria

winogradsky column

illustrate interaction and gradient in aquatic

in estuaries and salt marshes

in water

microorganism in marine ecosystem

in lake

epilimnion, thermocline and hypolimnion

littoral zone that low sunlight penetration

oligotrophic and eutrophic

stream and river

ability to proces organic matter limited

biofilm

lactic or lentic

microorganism in glasier and permenantly frozen lakes

Water as microbial habitat

nutrient

recycle of nutrient

redfield ratio (C,N,P)

light

Gas in aquatic

nitrogen and hydrogen

carbon dioxide

oxygen