Denaturation of DNA

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Denaturation of DNA

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Back-stacking is lost

Viral and Bacterial DNA

Denature at slowing heating Temperatures

Occurs at high temperatures and extreme changes in pH

DNA rich in Adenine - Thymine base pairs

denatures at lower temperatures

DNA rich in Guanine - Cytosine base pairs

denatures at very high temperatures

temperature is characteristic to each species of DNA

In DNA Replication and transcription

partial denatuation

Catalyzed by enzymes

A-T base pairs in DNA are denatured while G-T remain intact to imitate strand separation

called bubbles

Renaturation of completely denatured DNA

Two step process

2nd (fast step)

spontaneous annealing of unpaired bases

1st step (Slow step)

By random collisions strands find each other

Renaturation of partially denatured DNA

In DNA replication and transcription

catalyzed by enzymes

Strands spontaneously anneal when temperature and pH returns to normal range

Hypo-chromic effect

UV absorption of DNA increases when back stacking is lost

denatured DNA can be detected by monitoring UV absoprtion

stacked bases in DNA reduce absorption of UV light

Hydrogen bonds among base pairs are disturbed