PhylogenticTree

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ADAPTATIONS

Ved Darrel Liew

Animal and plant Characteristics

Ved Nathan Nourse

PARTS DE LES PLANTES

Ved Esther González

THE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

Ved Maria Alejandra

Ancestor of Life (DNA & Ester Bonds)

Histones

Nucleus & Organelles

Eukarya

No Plastids

Unikonta

Single posterior flagellum on swimming cells

Opisthokonta

Ancestral Protist

Multicellularity, Mobility, Gametic Life Cycle

Animalia

Metazoa

True Tissues

Eumetazoa

Bilateral Symmetry, Triploblasty, Cephalization

Bilateria

Spiral & Determinate Embryonic Cleavage, Blastropore into Mouth

Protostomia

Ecdysis

Ecdysozoa

Hinged Chitinous Exoskeleton

Arthropoda

Antennae, Huge Cephalothorax, Appendages on Abdomen, Gills

Crustacea

Chesapeake Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)

6 Legs, Winged, Diverse Mouths, 3 Body Segments, Mainly Terrestial, Gas Exchange via Tracheae

Hexapoda

Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)

4 Pairs of Walking Legs, Chelicera & Pedipalps, Cephalothrox & Abdomen, Book Lungs, No Atennae

Chelicerata

Southern Black Widow (Latrodectus mactans)

Pseudocoelom, Mouth & Anus, Collagen Cuticle

Nematoda

Roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Lophophore &/or Trocophore Larvae

Lophotrochozoa

Segmented, Closed Circulatory System

Annelida

Small Setae, Sessile or Reduced Motility

Sedentaria

Common Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)

Long Setae, Motile Predators

Errantia

Shelled, Foot

Mollusca

Internal or Absent Shell, Complx Brain w/ well-developed sensory organs, Closed Circulatory System, Fast predators via Siphon Jet, Beaked

Cephalopoda

Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas)

Conical/Coiled/No Shell, Glide Foot Radula

Gastropoda

Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

Hinged Shell, Filter-Feeders w/ reduced head, Gills used in Feeding & Gas Exchange

Bivalvia

Soft Shell Clam (Mya arenaria)

Free-living & Parasites, Gastrovascular Cavity

Platyhelminthes

Free-living, Scavengers/Predators

Rhabditophora

Pseudobiceros sp

Parasites, Complx life-cycle w/ many hosts, Hooks, No Mouth nor Gastrovascular Cavity

Trematoda

Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica)

Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)

Radial & Indeterminate Embryotic Cleavage, Blastropore into Anus

Deuterostomia

Notochord, Hollow Dorsal Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, Post-Anal Tail, Nil Chambers, Single Blood Circulation

Chordata

Vertebrae, Cranium, Cartilaginous Skeleton, 2 Chambers

Vertebrates

Jaws, Mineralized Skeleton

Gnathostomae

Lungs or Derivatives, Bony Skeleton

Osteichthyans

Lobed Fins

Lobe-Fins

Limbs w/ Digits, 3 Chambers, Double Blood Circulation

Tetrapods

Amniotic Egg

Amniotes

Milk, Hair, 4 Chambers, Endothermy

Mammalia

American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)

3 or 4 Chambers

Reptilia

Endothermy

Aves (Birds)

Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja)

Crocodilia (Crocs & Allis)

American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Testudines (Turtles)

Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Lepidosaurs

Green anole (Anolis carolinensis)

Amphibia

Red Eyed Tree Frog (Agalychnis callidryas)

Dipnoi (Lungfishes)

Leopard lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus)

Actinistia (Coelacanths)

Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae)

Actinopterygi (Ray-Finned Fishes)

Blue Tang (Paracanthurus hepatus)

Chondrichthyes (Sharks, Rays, Chimaeras)

Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)

Agnathans

Petromyzontida (Lampreys)

Myxini (Hagfishes)

Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)

Urochordata (Tunicates)

Sea Squirt (Polycarpa aurata)

Cephalochordata (Lancelets)

Branchiostoma lanceolatum

Pentaradial Sym., Spiny Skin, Water Vascular System

Echinodermata

No arms, Well-developed tubed feet & spines, Breath via Tube Feet

Echinoidea

Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)

Elongated, w/o spines nor arms, Highly reduced Exoskeleton, Can be filter/deposit feeders

Holothuroidea

California sea cucumber (Apostichopus californicus)

Long-Star-Shaped, Distinct Central Disk, Lanky arms, Reduced Tubed feet, Serpentine arm movement

Ophiuroidea

Serpent Star (Ophiura ophiura)

Star-Shaped, Arms radiating from central disk, Tubed feet

Asteroidea

Giant Sea Star (Pisaster giganteus)

Radial, Diploblasty, Cnidocytes, Gastrovascular Cavity, Gas Exchange via Diffusion

Cnidaria

Dominant Polyp, Sessile

Anthozoa

Elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata)

Dominant Medusa, Motile

Medusozoa

Jellies

Cubed

Cubaozoa

Cup-Shaped

Scyphozoa

Moon Jelly (Aurelia aurita)

Alt. btw. Polyp & Medusa

Hydrozoa

Pennaria disticha

Asym.

Porifera

Giant Barrel Sponge (Xestospongia muta)

Collared

Choanoflagellates

Choanoflagellates (Desmarella moniliformis)

Multicellularity, Absorptive heterotrophy, Chitin cell wall, Zygotic Life Cycle

Fungi

Black Bread Mold (Rhizopus stolonifer)

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Nuclearlids

Nucleariid (Nuclearia thermophila)

Movement with Pseudopodia

Amoebozoans

Entamoebas

Slime Molds

Tubulinids

Secondary Plastids

SAR

No Plastids & Filose Pseudopodia

Rhizarians

Cercozoans

Calcareous Shells

Forams

Silica Shells

Radiolarians

Common Ancestor

Membranous vesicles on cell membrane & Tertiary Plastids

Alveolates

Ciliates

Apicomplexans

Ride-Tide Causing

Dinoflagellates

Tripartite flagellar hair

Stramenopiles

Oomycetes

Brown Algae

Diatoms

Feeding Grove

Excavata

Euglenozoans (Euglenoids)

Parabasalids

Diplomonads

Primary Plastids

Archaeplastida

Green coloration

Viridiplantae

Straptophyta

Ancestral Green Alga & Origin of Plants

Plantae

Embryophta

Sporic Cycle, Dom-Gametophyte-Gen, Desiccation-resistant, Apical meristems, Gametangia & Sporangia, Circ. via Diffusion/Osmosis

Bryophyta (Nonvasculars)

Dom-Sporophyte-Gen, Ligin, Xylem/Phloem, Thick waxy Cuticle & Stomata

Tracheophyta (Vasculars)

Seedless

Aspermatophyta

Seeded, Pollen, Heterospory, Wood, Ovules

Spermatophyta

Fruit, Flowers, Endosperm, Ovaries

Angiosperms

White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

Gymnosperms

Gnetophyta

Cycadophyta

Ginkgophyta

Pinophyta

Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Megaphylls

Monilophyta

Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)

Lycophylls

Lycophyta

Hornworts Field hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis)

Mosses

Fan clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum)

Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens)

Liverworts Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha)

Zygotic Cycle

Charophyta Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii)

Chlorophyta

Red coloration

Rhodophyta

Ether Bonds

Archaea

Peptidoglycan

Bacteria