Organigram

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Common Ancestor (DNA, Ester Bonds)

Common Ancestor (Histones)

Archaea (Ether Bonds)

Methanobrevibacter smithii

Eukarya (Nucleus, Organelles)

Excavata ( Feeding Groove, Secondary Plastids )

euglenoids

SAR Clade

Rhizarians ( Filose Pseudopodia )

Foraminfera

Radiolarians

Alveolates ( Membraneous Vesicles, Secondary Plastids )

Dianoflagellates

Stramenopiles (Tripartite Flagellar Hair, Secondary Plastids )

Kelp

Diatoms

Unikonta (Absorptive Heterotrophy)

Amoebozoa (Pseudopodia)

Slime Molds

Opisthokonta (single posterior flagellum on swimming cells, absorptive heterotrophy )

Fungi (Chitin Cell Wall, zygotic life cycle with dikaryotic stage, Multicellular)

Black Bread Mold

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Choanoflagellates

Animals (Mobility, Gametic Life Cycle, Complex Organ Systems, Multicellular)

Parazoa

Porifira

Giant Barrel Sponge (Xestospongia muta)

Eumetazoa (Tissues)

Radial Symmetry, Diploblastic

Cnidaria

Anthozoa

Elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata)

Medusozoa

Pennaria disticha

Moon Jelly (Aurelia aurita)

Bilateria (Bilateral Symmetry, Triploblastic, Cephalization)

Deuterostomia (Radial, indeterminate, Blastopore becomes anus)

Chordata (Notochord, segmentation, jointed appendages, Pharyngeal slits)

Cephalochorata

Lancelets

Branchiostoma lanceolatum

Urochordata

Tunicates

Stolidobranchia

Sea Peaches (Halocynthia aurantium)

Vertebrata (Vertebral column) Craniata (heads) Ectothems, cartilage

Agnathans (Cyclostomata)

Petromyzontida

Lampreys

Myxini (hagfish)

Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)

Gnathostomes (Jaw, bony skeleton)

Chondrichthyes (loss of bony skeleton)

Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)

Osteichthyes (Lungs, lung derivatives)

Ray-finned fishes

Blue Tang (Paracanthurus hepatus)

Lobed Fins

Colelacanth

Latimeria chalumnae

Dipnoi Lungfish

Tetrapods, Limbs with digits

Amphibia

Red Eyed Tree Frog (Agalychnis callidryas)

Amniota (Amniotic egg)

Reptilia

Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Birds (Endotherm)

Mammalia (Endotherm, hair, milk)

Carnivora

American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)

Echinodermata (Water vascular system)

Asterozoa

Ophiuroidea (Brittle Stars)

Serpent Star (Ophiura ophiura)

Asteroidea (Sea Stars)

Giant Sea Star (Pisaster giganteus)

Echinozoa

Echinoidea (Urchins)

Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)

Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

California sea cucumber (Apostichopus californicus)

Protostomia (Spiral, determinant cleavage, Blastopore becomes mouth)

Ecdysozoa (Ecdysis)

(Molting, Exoskeleton, Jointed Appendages)

Nematoda

Roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Arthropoda

Pancrustaceans

Hexapoda

Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)

Crustaceans

Chesapeake Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)

Chelicerata

Southern Black Widow (Latrodectus mactans)

Lophotrochozoa (Presence of trochophore larvae or lophophore)

Annelida

Common Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)

Platyhelminthes (Flatworm)

Tapeworm

Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)

Trematoda

Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica)

"Tubella"

Free Living Rhabditophorans

Macrostomum lignano (Free living)

Mollusca

Cephalopoda

Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas)

Bivalvia (No cephalization)

Soft Shell Clam (Mya arenaria)

Gastropoda

Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

Archaeplastida (Primary Plastids)

Glaucophyte Algae

Common Ancestor

Phycoerythrin photosynthetic pigment

Rhodophyta

Chlorophyll a & b, b-Carotene cellulose rich cell walls

Chlorophytes

Ring-Shaped cellulose-synthesizing proteins phragmoplast

Zygotic life cycle

Charophytes

Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii)

Land Plants (embryo, sporic life cycle, gametangia, sporangia, apical meristems and desiccation-resistant spores)

Liverworts

Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha)

Mosses

Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens)

Hornworts

Field hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis)

Common Ancestor of vascular plants (xylem and phloem, leaves, dominant sporophyte, stomata and waxy cuticle, Lignin)

Common Ancestor (Megaphylls)

Seed Plants (Ovules, Pollen, Seeds, Heterospory, Wood)

Angiosperms (Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm, Ovaries)

White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

Gymnosperms

Conifers

Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Monilophytes

Horsetails

Ferns

Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)

Lycophytes (Lychophylls)

Fan clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum)

Bacteria (Peptidoglycan)

Escherichia coli