Psychoacoustics

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Digitization

Visualizations

Spectrogram

Waveform

Digital audio

Compression

MP4

MP3

Container

Bit depth

Bit rate

32 bit (float)

32 bit (int)

24 bit

16 bit = 0-65 534 (CD standard)

8 bit = 0-255

Sampling rate

96 / 192 kHz

48 kHz (standard)

44.1kHz = 44 100 Hz (CD format)

Nyquist frequency = Double of the audible range

I/O

DAC

ADC

Cognition

Auditory cortex

Neurons

14-16 billion neurons in the cortex

Cerebral cortex

The brain

Perception

Space

Time

Masking

Temporal masking

Just noticeble differences

Critical bands

Auditory filters

Loudness

Threshold of pain

>120dB

Hysteresis

Threshold of hearing

Equal-loudness contours (Fletcher-Munson)

Frequency

Just noticeable differences (JND)

Instruments

Saxophone

Sony Rollins tone

Piano

32-4186 Hz

Ranges

Ultrasound

>20,000 Hz

Audible sound

20-20,000 Hz

Infrasound

<20 Hz

Sensation

The ear

Inner ear

Middle ear

Outer ear

Auditory system