Types of Text

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Types of Text

SPOOF

4. Chronologically arranged

2. Using action verb

3. Twist

2. Event(s)

To tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers

REVIEW

4. Using metaphor

3. Using long and complex clauses

2. Using adjectives

1. Focus on specific participants

Subtopic

5. Evaluative Summation

4. Evaluation

3. Interpretative Recount

2. Evaluation

1. Orientation

To critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience.

PROCEDURE

4. Using technical terms

3. Using adverb

2. Using Imperatives sentence

3. Steps/Methods

2. Materials/Equipments

1. Goal/Aim

To help readers how to do or make something completely

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

1. Using modals 2. Using action verbs 3. Using thinking verbs 4. Using adverbs 5. Using adjective 6. Using technical terms 7. Using general and abstract noun 8. Using connectives/transition

1. Thesis 2. Arguments 3. Reiteration/Conclusion

To reveal the readers that something is the important case.

REPORT

Dominant Language Feature:

3. Using Simple Present Tense.

2. Using conditional logical connection.

1. Introducing group or general aspect.

1. General classification

2. Description

To presents information about something, as it is.

RECOUNT

3. Using adjectives.

1. Using Past Tense

Generic Structure.

1. Orientation.

2. Event(s).

3. Reorientation.

To retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event.

ANECDOTE

3. Using temporal conjunctions

2. Using material process

1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers

5. Coda.

4. Reaction

3. Crisis

2. Orientation

1. Abstract

To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident.

DISCUSSION

7. Using adverb of manner

6. Using modality

5. Using conjunction/transition

4. Using general and abstract noun

3. Using thinking verb

2. Use of relating verb/to be

1. Using Simple Present Tense

3. Conclusion

2. Arguments for and against

1. Issue

To present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’).

HORTATORY EXPOSITION

1. Using Simple Present Tense 2. Using modals 3. Using action verbs 4. Using thinking verbs 5. Using adverbs 6. Using adjective 7. Using technical terms 8. Using general and abstract noun 9. Using connectives/transition

3. Recommendation

2. Arguments

1. Thesis

To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done.

EXPLANATION

8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

7. Using general and abstract noun.

6. Using technical terms.

5. Using adverbial phrase.

4. Using noun phrase

3. Using passive voice.

2. Using action verbs.

1. General statement

2. Explanation

3. Closing

Purpose:

To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.

DESCRIPTIVE

Language Features.

4. Using special technical term.

3. Using adverb.

1. Using Simple Present Tense.

Dominant Generic Structure.

2. Description.

1. Identification.

Purpose.

To describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.

NARRATIVE

Dominant Language Features.

3. Chronologically arranged.

2. Using action verb.

1. Using Past Tense.

Generic Structure:

4. Reorientation (optional).

3. Resolution.

2. Complication.

1.Orientation.

To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story.

NEWS ITEM

Dominant Language Features:

4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner

3. Using saying verbs

2. Using action verbs

1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline

Dominant Generic Structure:

3. Sources

2. Background events

1. Newsworthy event

Purpose

To inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important