Universal Ancestor -DNA as genetic storage -ester bonds in cell membranes

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Universal Ancestor -DNA as genetic storage -ester bonds in cell membranes

common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya -histones present

Eukarya -presence of membrane-bound nucleus -presence of membrane-bound organelles

Unikonta

Opisthokanta -single posterior flagellum on swimming cells

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Black Bread Mold (Rhizopus stolonifer)

American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)

Floating topic

SAR Clade

Rhizaria -filose pseudopodia

Foraminiferas

Radiolarians

Common Ancestor of Stramenopila and Alveolata -secondary plastids

Alveolata -membranous vesicles on cell membrane

Dinoflagellate

Stramenopila -tripartite flagellar hair

Diatoms

Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)

Excavata -feeding groove -secondary plastid

Euglenoids

Archaeplastida -primary plastid

Common Ancestor of Chlorophytes, Charophytes, and Land Plants

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

Chlorophytes

Rhodophytes

Archaea -ether bonds in cell membranes

Methanobrevibacter smithii

Bacteria -presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall

Escherichia coli