Biological Molecules: Key Terms

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Proteins are a macromolecule that consists of monomers called amino acids, and polymers that are a called polypeptides. These proteins are made up of carbons, hydrogens, oxygens, nitrogen's, and sulphur's. Proteins functions can be divided in to two areas, regulatory proteins and structural proteins. Regulatory proteins are enzymes, messenger hormones, and defence antibodies that help regulate cells. Structural proteins help with movement and build structure, as hair, cell membranes, and muscle fibers all consists of these structural proteins.

por Brian Park

Cell tagging

a method of this involves adding a coloured or fluorescent chemical to the cell which binds to certain function groups highlighting specific areas of the cell

follows individual molecules in a cell

Light microscope

Uses light

can view objects as small as 200nm

Imaging technologies

Cell Organelles

Only Plant cell

Cell Wall

Tough outer shell of cell, provides support

micrometer

a unit of measure 0.001 the size of a mm

cytoskeleton

Acts as the cell's highway for the transport of cargo via motor proteins

Cytoskeleton gives the cell its shape and helps organize during cell division

Golgi apparatus

responsible for tagging protein for propper delivery within the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

preforms chemical reactions and stores important enzymes. Also packs proteins and fats to be sent to the Golgi apparatus

Make up about half of the cell membrane

ribosome

particle consisting of RNA and protein

found in cytoplasm

Lysosome

proteins are transported to the lysosome to be degraded

Mitochondia

responsible for generating energy for the cell using sugar and oxgen

contain their own DNA

chloroplast

give plants their green colour

use energy from the sun to convert co2 and water into sugar

vacuole

Stores nutrients, breaks down waste, helps cell grow

Cell Membrane

allows important molecules to pass in and out of the cell while preventing unwanted molecules from entering the cell

Nucleus

Stores the cell's DNA for replication

X-rayCrystallography

X rays with wavelengths the size of the space between atoms, directed though crystal of substance being examined creating a pattern that a computer reads and creates a model of substance.

electron microscope

a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination

zoom range of 100um to 0.1nm

Biological Molecules: Key Terms