Classical Conditioning

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Classical Conditioning

Most psychologists agree that classical conditioning is a basic learning form
Many other responses to many other stimuli can be classically conditioned in many other organisms
Pavlov demonstrated how a learning process can be studied objectively
Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning that applies to all species

Pavlov’s principles are used to influence human health and well-being
Areas of consciousness, motivation, emotion, health, psychological disorders, and therapy.
Addicts are counseled to avoid stimuli that may trigger cravings
Pairing a particular taste with a drug that influences responses may eventually lead to response to the taste alone.

Pavlov’s work provided a basis for Watson’s ideas that human emotions and behaviors, though biologically influenced, are mainly conditioned responses.

Spontaneous recovery

Reappearance after a pause, of an extinguished condition response (CR

Extinction

Diminishing of a conditional response
Occurs in classical conditioning when an US does not follow a CS.

Higher Order Conditioning

A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second, often weaker, conditioned stimulus.
An animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone.
Also called second-order conditioning

Aquisition

Initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.
In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response

Classical Conditioning