LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

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Sintactic develpment

Regular before irregular forms (Thought interacts with frecuency frecuency)

SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

The relations between words and their referents

The word is a sign that signifies a referent: Arbitrary , Symbolic , language-specific adapted by social convention

Babies can understand the "pragmatic intent" of adults' messagesbefore they can actually understand the meaning of the words, themselves This message is understood at the emotional, social and contextual level (situational cues)

The emergence of early words

Meaning has to be a social construct---to be useful for communication

Mental images tend to be particularistic or idiosyncratic, e.g. "house" could look like a brick bungalow or a colonial

Meaning is a mental representation or "concept"

Some words are picturable/ mentally visualized, whereas others do not have a picturable referent

As words develop

Process of semantic dev: "strategies formed for learning word meanings and relating them to each other change as their internal representation of language constantly changes and becomes reorganized"

Learning the meanings of words

The relation between word The relation between words and their referents

Phonological development

Later phonological development

Output simplification

Refers to how children learn to organize sounds into meaning or language (phonology) during their stages of growth.

OUTPUT SIMPLIFICATIONS

Children simplify the words that they produce

Reduce consonants

Omitted unstressed syllables

Substitution of easier sounds for more difficult sounds

Producing shorter strings

Bubbling

Babbling can be seen as a precursor to language development

Is a stage in child development and a state in language acquisition during which an infant appears to be experimenting with uttering articulate sounds

Sounds from about 6 months and 10 months

Speech perceptions in infancy

These learning mechanisms include (but are not limited to) recognition memory, associative learning, and statistical learning

The timing of syllables in a language in infants’ language discrimination

Suprasegmental information, such as intonation and rhythm, transmits very well to fetuses. how prenatal experience with suprasegmental information affects infants’ early speech perception.

Pragmatic factor affecting acquisition

Personal before non-personal

Gross before subtle distinctions

Simple and short before complex and long

Language adquisition devise

Pidgins and creoles

Creoles

Is a language that was originally a pidgin but has become nativized

Pidgins

Language is nobody's native language; may arise when two speakers of different languages with no common language

Linguistics Universal

Are features that can be found in most languages

Formal Universals

Substantive

Include syntax, semantics and phonology that are common in all languages

The parameter is a universal aspect of language

Mechanism which mentally constructs such a biderectional mapping, on the basis of observed samples of communicative behaviour (transmission and reception)

Formal approaches to language learning

Induction in learning rules

Formal learning, whether languages are involved or not, involves a set course

The development of language

Full sentences (2 years 6 months )

Telegraphic speech (2 years )

Two- word utterances ( 18 Months )

Single Word utterances ( 10 months - 18 months )

Babbling ( 6 Months -10 Months )

Vocal Play ( 16 Weeks - 6 Months )

Laughter ( 16 Weeks )

Cooing 6 (Weeks )

Vegetative sounds (0- 6 Weeks )

The role of child direct speech

Motherase: Special way of talking to children "Babytalk"

Children hear degenarative input "It is fulls of slips of the tongue

Aspects of language are innate

Principles of the general adquisition

Avoid exceptions

Underlying semantic relation

Avoid interruptions of rearrangement of units

Pay attention to the order of morphemes of words

The phonologica form of words can be modified

Pay attention to the ends of the words

Genetic Linguistic

Language are iinnate

According to Chomsky humans are born with innately hard wired language capabilities.

Noam Chomsky had come up with an entirely different and surprising explanation called innateness hypothesis.

Learning theory

Verbal behavior Skinner argued that language was adquired by the same mechanims of conditioning and reinforcement.