636 Hadley, 390 -400

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on page 76 Of M.S.F.M, Frankl quotes Nietzsche who says, "he who has a why to live can bear with almost any how" What does this statement mean? Explain how frankl was able to develop initial shock through apathy and to the cultivation to an inner world.

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Hadley, 390 -400

Characteristics of test items and Item types

Schema (GRAPH)

horizontal

Divergent, open ended

Convergent (lft)

Vertical

Natural discourse

Single sentences (top)

Intro

Hybrid combines

Artfully combines

structure and situation

grammar and context

focus on communicative use of lang in context

assessing specific features of lang

A basic prin here

washback effect

Students learn much better when they know the test will reauire that they understand meaning!

Also, studnets have to understand meaning to do the task

CR tests focus on lang use in context!

And for real purpose!

General concepts of testing

4 part criteria in profeciency testing

type of discourse

accuracy

context/content

global tasks/functions

decontextualized

Integrative

more than one pt at a time

See Brown

Thesis

ways tests can reflect course goals

Issues of classroom testing