Court System Oversight

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Important Concepts

Timing

Deference to the state courts

Finality

Exhaustion of administrative remedies

Primary Jurisdiction

Reviewability

Ripeness

Mootness

Standing to Sue

Courts presided by judicial officers

U.S. Supreme Court = Justices

Other courts = Judges

Local government = Judges and/or Magistrates

Purpose for Structure

Federal Court System

94 U.S. District Courts

13 U.S. Court of Appeals

U.S. Supreme Court

The Supreme Court can ensure the uniformity of decisions

The courts of appeals can correct errors that have been made in the decisions of trial courts

There are various routes a case may take to a federal court.

Some cases may originate in a U.S. district court

Some cases will come from a state court or federal agency

Federal Court System Oversight

Levels of Decision

3. Party may seek additional review in the Supreme Court of the United States

Normally less than 100 cases accepted at U.S. Supreme Court

2. Party may have decision reviewed in one of the courts of appeals

1. Case heard and decided by one of the district courts