по Harveen Kaur 7 лет назад
327
NUTRITION
по Harveen Kaur 7 лет назад
327
Больше похоже на это
от Mark Giraldi - Cashmere Avenue PS (1260)
от Desi McKeown
от Hannah Homenuk
от Qiuyang Fu
Cultural foods = maintain heritage after immigration (ex: many South Asian foods in local grocery stores)
Seem to address a “health concern” (ex. Low carb diets and obesity)
Fulfills some perceived need by society (Ex. Convenience foods= women entered workforce)
3. FOOD PROCESSING
6. OUTPUTS
Food is the most important output of the food system. Other outputs such as manure and compost can be re-used within the system. They become inputs to the food system when they are used as fertilizers and soil enhancers. The food system also has many unwanted outputs, such as food waste, packaging, and air and water pollution. According to the David Suzuki Foundation, In Toronto, single-family households discard about 275 kg of food waste each year (although the city’s expanding composting program captures about 75 percent of that).
5. FOOD ACCESS AND CONSUMPTION
Most of us obtain from retail outlets such as supermarkets, convenience stores, and specialty stores, or from restaurants, food vendors, or cafeterias. Other options such as farmers’ markets and community-supported agriculture are available to some people and others grow their own food. Food consumption includes eating already prepared food and preparing and eating food in your own home. By choosing some foods and not others, the consumer plays a role in the food system.
4. FOOD DISTRIBUTION
Food products and ingredients are often transported from the site of production to a different size from processing and packaging, moved to warehouses for storage and organization, moved again to distribution centers, and then to retail outlets or food service facilities. Finally, shoppers transport them to their homes.
Food processing is any deliberate change or transformation in a food that occurs before it is available for us to eat. It can be as simple as washing carrots and putting them into bunches or as complicated as adding sweeteners, spices, oils, flavors, colors, and preservatives. The next step is the cooking, baking, or dehydrating; and then packaging of the food item. Each step of the food value chain adds economic value to the product.
2. FOOD PRODUCTION
Generally there are two general categories of food production: The conventional approach which is also called the dominant approach OR The industrial model of agriculture (which also includes alternative approaches that have developed in response to issues of sustainability, food security, and food justice.
Numerous inputs are required throughout the food system in order for it to function. Human resources include labour, expertise, research, and education. Natural resources include soil, water, seeds, animals, fertilizers, pesticides, compost, and fuels. Other resources include infrastructure such as buildings, machinery, and financial support
All animal products contain hormones since all animals produce hormones naturally. Growth hormones are frequently added in the commercial production of beef. Not allowed in organic agriculture.
WHY: Development of more lean meat, which is healthier; More growth using less feed, which is good for the environment; and reduced costs for cattle producer and less expensive beef for consumer. Approved by Health Canada. Beef cannot be sold if it exceeds the regulated levels. Hormone use is not approved for dairy cattle, pigs or poultry in Canada. No hormones are allowed in milk or milk products.
Suicide seeds: Plants with sterile seeds that are infertile are created. Farmers are forced to buy seeds every year. However, some companies have reduced costs or donated GM seeds to impoverished nations.
Economic Hazards : (Elimination of competition) GM seeds are patented (must buy each year). This presents problems for poor farmers in both the developed and developing worlds. Large companies like Monsanto have resorted to suing small farmers found to be using their seed without paying.
Human health risks: Introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. For example, inserting genes from a nut into another plant could be dangerous for people who are allergic to nuts
“Superweeds”: Gene transfer to non-target species where herbicide tolerant plants crossbreed with weeds potentially creating herbicide resistant weeds. Some Western Canadian farmers are calling Monsanto’s roundup ready canola a superweed.
Pesticides become less effective: Pests become resistant to modified crops. Different varieties and strengths of pesticides will be needed once weeds have adapted to the existing effective pesticides.
Environmental: Potential risk of harm to non-target organisms, e.g. a pest resistant crop that produces toxins that may harm both crop-damaging and non crop-damaging insects. E.g. The pollen of BT corn on milkweed is thought to affect (slow or kill) the larvae of Monarch butterflies. Further studies are underway.
Benefits:
Other Benefits: Food without allergens; (I.e. anyone could eat nuts) Grains, fruit & vegetables with improved nutrition (multi-vitamin potatoes=healthy fast food french fries!) Longer shelf life and better taste (reduced food waste due to spoilage) Rice enhanced with iron (prevent anemia) Foods used as vaccines (bye-bye needles)
Cold Tolerance: plants developed to tolerate cold temperatures & withstand unexpected frost. could destroy seedlings Drought & salinity tolerance: currently inhospitable regions can now be cultivated Improved nutrition: crops like rice are a staple in developing countries (nutritionally inadequate!) GM "golden rice": is high in beta-carotene (vitamin A). Reduces eye-related problems like blindness due to malnutrition Phytoremediation: plants like poplar trees clean up the heavy metal soil contamination. GM plants with higher tolerance for heavy metals like mercury.
Increased Crop Productivity: This includes herbicide tolerance, pest and disease resistance. E.g. “Roundup ready” crops, and BT corn. Could mean using less spray
Genetic engineering offers a rapid and precise method of altering organisms as compared to traditional methods that are slow and inaccurate.
OTHER EXAMPLES: Vegetables, Tomatoes, Potatoes, Rice, Cheese, Meat
Herbicide resistant plants (roundup ready corn). These plants are immune to a certain herbicide, so they live while all the other plants in the field are killed.
Bt corn – corn containing a chemical normally found in bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis). This is toxic to insects, not humans. Insects try to eat the plant and die.
Golden rice – enriched rice containing beta-carotene (Vitamin A). This vitamin is not found in normal rice.
A trend is a general direction in which something is developing or changing, to be popular. Some people go on different types of diets, to reach their health goals. (Ex: veganism, keto diet).
If someone is allergic to a food, they cannot consume it, even though it has vital nutrients and vitamins. For example, many people are allergic to milk, fish and eggs, which are extremely prevalent in almost every food and provide excellent nutrition. However, these people cannot consume it.
If someone has a busy schedule, they are more likely to skip a meal, or eat a smaller amount. Also, they might choose to each something that is easier to be accessed. (Ex: If McDonalds is closer than a farm, a person is more likely to go to McDonalds, since they are everywhere because of globalization and industrialization).
Food choice is influenced by attitudes and habits that develop through interacting with others, such as friends, etc. (Ex: A friend tells you that she loves to eat a specific food from a restaurant, which will make you want to eat it).
Family heads could decide on what to feed the rest of the family, and be their own judge of what might be healthy or unhealthy. (If a food is too sugary, they might not buy it).
Some religions have dietary restrictions on them, which means that the followers of that religion must comply with the restrictions. (Ex: cannot eat meat)
Some scientists and food experts wonder if the food industry is using the science of food cravings and taste to make people want to eat and buy more food, even though they are very unhealthy.
Manipulating customers:
If customers are continued to be exploited by food industries, it can lead them to become Obese, be at risk for heart disease (Coronary heart disease), as well as many typed of cancer.
Advertising is used to make people want to buy and consume products that are not nutritious. The trend to “supersizing” portions of certain types of foods — mostly unhealthy pop, snack foods and fast food meals. The food industry's deliberate manipulation of the taste and texture of food to make people want to eat more. increases in diabetes, heart conditions and other health concerns. - This was seen in Cloudy Of A Chance Of Meatballs, when Flints machine began getting popular, and everyone in town started consuming its food much more, and became obese. - Also, in Super Size Me, when Mcdonalds was supersizing their products.
