Prokaryotic Cells

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Prokaryotic Cells

main structure

genetic material

contain large quantities of genetic material in the form of DNA and RNA

contain small pieces of DNA called plasmids

ribosome

build proteins by translating messages sent from DNA

smaller and have a slightly different shape and composition

cytoplasm

does not contain organelles

gel-like, fluid substance

plasma membrane

responsible for controlling what gets into and out of the cell

can have multiple plasma membrane

cell before nucleus, divide into two

bacteria

bacteria shape

streptococci

sarcinae

tetrads

diplococci

coccus

various form (singly, in pairs, chains or clusters)

various shape (round, flattened, thick, thin, short or long)

genetic material not enclosed in a nuclear membrane

unicellular organisms

archea

found in extreme environment

membrane fats are ether

cell wall lack peptidoglycan

three main group: - methanogens -extreme halophiles -extreme thermophiles

features

small ribosome 70s

no membrane bound organelles

reproduction by binary fission

complex cell wall

circular DNA

smaller size

unbound nucleoid

2-20 micrometer