Antibiotics

Antibiotics

carbapenems (-cidal) meropenem, ertapenem

N/V/D, pain & phlebitis at IV site, anaphylaxis, DO NOT USE in renal & peds pts.

IV for MDR bacteria in hospitalized pts.

tetracyclines (-static) doxycycline, tetracycline

N/V/D, NOT for pregnant people, kids under 8, affects tooth & bone dev., increase r/o sunburn yeast infect. take on empty stomach (no dairy)

acne, STIs, anthrax PNA, e. coli

inhibits bacteria protein synthesis

macrolides (-cidal or -static) azithromycin, clarithromycin

can prolong QT interval, hepatotoxicity, don't use w/ anticoagulants

skin, upper resp. infect. UTI, whooping cough

vancomycin (-cidal)

peak & trough, nepro-, oto-toxicity Red Man's Syndrome, tissue necrosis

IV for MRSA & resistant infect. PO for C. diff

inhibits cell wall synthesis

cephalosporins (-cidal) cephalexin, ceftriaxone, cefepime

5th Gen: ceftaroline (Teflaro) MRSA, IV only

4th Gen: cefepime (Maxipime) Gram +, -, IV only

3rd Gen: ceftriaxone (Rocephin) E. coli, PNA, meningitis, pre-op NO LR with admin.

2nd Gen:cefaclor bone & soft tissue

1st Gen: cephalexin (Keflex) bones, lungs, skin, GI, UTI

Cross sensitivity w/ penicillin makes PO contraception ineffective DO NOT MIX with alcohol kidney toxicity, superinfections

penicillins (-cidal): penicillin G, amoxicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam

Strep, Staph, endocarditis, syphilis

N/V/D, C. diff, AE: allergy cross sensitivity w/ cephalosporins, decreases effectiveness of PO contraception

inhibits cell wall synthesis

aminoglycosides (-cidal) gentamicin (Garamycin)

tx: E. coli, bowel surgery prep, blood infections

ototoxic, hepatotoxic,neurotoxic not given PO, don't give w/ diuretics watch peak & trough

inhibits protein synthesis

fluoroquinolones (-cidal) ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

inhibit DNA synthesis & reproduction

UTI, GI, skin, bone infections

SE/AE: N/V/D, joint pain, peripheral neuropathy, low BS, tendon rupture Don't take w/ steroids, take w/ food (no dairy), NOT for <18 YO

sulfonamides (-static) sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

inhibit folic acid synthesis

Allergies are common, N/V/D, liver & renal injury, CNS effects, photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, PO DM med can lower BS

Tx: UTI, ear infection ulcerative colitis, MRSA

lincosamide (-static) clindamycin

tx: cellulitis, impetigo, DM foot ulcers, sepsis

protein synthesis inhibitor

SE: diarrhea, C. diff, yeast, inf. do not take w/ food, avoid alcohol