Holocaust
Hitler believed that Aryans (White Germans, not of Jewish descent) were the master race He believed that Aryans should rule the world.
Kristallnacht
(Night of Broken Glass)
A Jewish teenager killed a German politician. Hitler retaliates with a night of violence against Jews.
More than 90 people were
killed, thousands of Jewish stores and synagogues were destroyed, and thousands of Jews were arrested.Jews were forced to pay for the damages.
Ghettos were areas in
which Jews were forced to live. They were forced to leave their home, and could only bring what
they could carry.
Concentration Camps came along.Prison camps where
people were forced into slave labour.
In 1942, the Nazis decided that every Jewish man, woman and child would be
transported to concentration camps and exterminated. Hitler called this the ‘Final Solution’ to the ‘Jewish problem’.Hanging, shooting, torturing, gassing and overworking were all used to kill Jewish
people
End of WW2
Bombing of Dresden (The capital of the German province Saxony)25,000 German
civilians were killed.
On April 27th 1945, they were captured by Italian communists, who sentenced Mussolini to
death for his crimes against the Italian people.
On April 28th 1945 When news of Mussolini's fate reached Hitler, he decided to commit suicide rather than fall into the
hands of his enemies.April 30th 1945, Eva Hitler takes a fatal dose of cyanide & Adolf Hitler
shoots himself in the temple.
D-day
During World War II, the Battle of Normandy, which lasted from June 1944 to August 1944, resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control. Code named Operation Overlord, the battle began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, when some 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region. The invasion was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history and required extensive planning. Prior to D-Day, the Allies conducted a large-scale deception campaign designed to mislead the Germans about the intended invasion target.
Hitler and Nazis
Hitler:Born on April 20, 1889 in Austria Fought for Germany in the First World War, and was nearly blinded by poison gas.At the end of World War One, Hitler blamed Germany’s defeat (and the
Treaty of Versailles) on a betrayal by liberal politicians and Jewish bankers.
In 1933 Hitler is elected Chancellor of
Germany.All other political parties were
outlawed – Hitler becomes a dictator; the sole leader of Germany.Political opponents were thrown in prison or concentration camps.
The Nazis imposed heavy censorship
of newspapers, books, radio, and
film. Teachers were required to be
members of the Nazi party. Students were required to join the Hitler Youth Religious leaders who opposed Hitler were thrown in prison.
Causes of WW2
-The Treaty of Versailles
-Emergence of New Countries After WW1
-Rise of Fascism
-Failure of the League of Nations
- Formation of Axis Powers
- Soviet-Nazi Non-Aggression Pact
POLITICAL EXTREMES
(Fascism, Nazism & Communism)
Fascism takes right-wing ideology to extremes.It requires blind allegiance to a dictator (one-man/one-party rule) who preaches ultra‑nationalist beliefs.Uses military power to retain power and further his/her goals.Brainwashes his citizens.Limits individual rights & establishes goals of overcoming external and internal enemies.
Nazism was more pervasive than fascism; Nazis expected complete obedience at all levels of society; children were
encouraged to report their parents for anti-Nazi statements.
Communism takes left-wing
ideology to extremes.Eliminates private ownership of property.Assumes government ownership & control over most means of production & distribution.Relies on a large military force.Controls the media & restricts movement within the country.
1920's
Roaring twenties
-The soldiers come back home
-Spanish Flu
- The Winnipeg strike
- Prime minister Mackenzie King
- Group of seven
- Emily Carr
- Women become people in 1929
- Alberta's famous five
-Technology (Phones, cars, planes, radio's)
-Hockey(Stanley cup winners from 1920-1924 Canadian teams)
- Fredrick Banting's diabetes insulin
- Prohibition and Gangsters (Al Capone)
- Fashion
-flappers
-Charlie Chaplin
-Charleston
Prohibition in Canada
The Prohibition era was a result of Canadas popular temperance movement, which began around 1827. Temperance societies identified alcohol as the cause of many social evils, such as neglect of work; poverty; spread of disease; family abuse; violence and murder. By the
1870s, hundreds of societies and church groups had been formed to fight for Prohibition.
When the first World War broke out in 1914, people said drinking was unpatriotic, and most voters then wanted Prohibition. By 1916 all provinces except Quebec had passed laws banning the sale of alcohol. Quebec followed in 1919 but the measure did not last the year. Meanwhile, the federal government banned the making and importing of alcohol in provinces where its sale was illegal. In the years following the first World War, their cause became less and less popular, and governments responded by lifting the restrictions.
Winnipeg General strike
On May 1, 1919, Winnipeg's building and metal workers went on strike for higher wages.
Two weeks later, the Winnipeg Trades and Labour Council appealed for a general strike in support of the metal workers. The response was overwhelming. By 11 a.m., 30,000 union and non-union workers had walked off the job.
A strike committee was formed and for six weeks, it virtually ran Winnipeg. Elevators shut down, trams stopped, postal and telephone communications came to a halt, and nothing moved without approval from the strike committee. Sympathy strikes were breaking out across the country.
Ottawa ordered the federal employees to return to work immediately or face dismissal. Believing that immigrants were behind the strike, the Canadian government amended the Immigration Act so British-born immigrants could be deported. The Criminal Code's definition of sedition.
On June 21 1919, near the end of the Winnipeg General Strike, saw the occurrence of the tragic event called "Bloody Saturday." Two men were killed and 27 others injured as strikers fought the North West Mounted Police.
Problems after ww1
Inflation:Things cost nearly twice as much by the end of the war as they did at the start. Rising prices are known as inflation.
Unemployment:After the war, factories that were making war supplies closed or cut production. There were few jobs to be had and unemployment was high. Even ‘war heroes’ had a hard time finding work.
Working Conditions:Workers wanted better conditions, for example, an 8-hour day and a safer working environment.
possible solutions would be to Form trade unions, go on strikes and even though it was not good, violence.
The Great depression
-60% of men & 82% of women made less than
$1,000 per annum
October 29, 1929 was a day known as
‘Black Tuesday’. On this day, investors
panicked and tried to sell all of their stock
before things got worse. This led to the
stock market crash. Within days, once
valuable stocks were worthless. People
that were once well off lost everything.
When the economy was booming in the
1920s, many people took out loans or
bought things on credit believing good
times were there to stay.
Many people could not pay and
went bankrupt or lost their furniture, cars,
and houses.
World War 1
Ending of war and treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty that ended World War I.
Establishment of a League of Nations:
This was an organization where countries would meet to discuss issues and problems. It was hoped that this would promote international cooperation and peace and prevent another major war in the future.
The War Guilt Clause:
Germany had to accept total blame for starting the war
Reparations:
Because Germany accepted all blame for starting the war, it also had to pay for all the damage caused during the war. This cost was over $30 billion dollars and it crippled Germany’s economy for years to come.
Demilitarization of Germany:
Germany had to greatly decrease the size of its military. There was a limit to amount of soldiers it could have in its army and it was not allowed to build tanks, planes or submarines. Also, Germany was not allowed to put any troops in the Rhineland, the area between Germany and France.
Territorial clauses:
Germany was not allowed to ever unite with Austria.Germany lost much of the land in its empire, creating a number of newly independent countries.
German’s thought many of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles were unfair or too harsh.
However, many of the Allies thought these terms were necessary to keep peace in Europe.
Conscription crisis
Conscription: A government policy or law that forces
citizens to join the armed forces.
At start, Canada relied on volunteers to meet troops
needs.But, Prime Minister Robert Borden promised earlier that he would not force any one to join the army. Many English Canadians & soldiers wanted the government to pass the law so they could continue to help fight. Many French Canadians, farmers and recent European immigrants did not want the government to pass the law.
Subtopic
Trench Warfare
When it rained, which it did a great deal, the water poured into the trenches and down into the dug outs. Day
after day, week after week, the men ate and slept, or crouched behind their rifles in soaking wet uniforms. Often
the water and the mud came to above the knees. When the shells landed near them they were half buried in
mud.
Troops faced gas attacks without protection in many cases. A
Canadian, found an active solution to chlorine gas attacks. Soldiers were order to urinate on a piece of cloth and hold it over their noses and mouths as a makeshift gas mask to neutralize the gas. Later in the war, more sophisticated gas masks were developed.
To add to the general discomfort, the trenches were alive with
rats. The knowledge that the gigantic rats had grown fat
through feeding on the dead bodies in no-man’s-land made the soldiers hate them more fiercely than almost anything else. The soldiers often beat the rats, stomped on them or shot them, but they always came back.
A fungal infection of the feet brought on by prolonged
exposure to damp, cold conditions and poor environmental
hygiene. The feet would gradually go numb and the skin would
turn red or blue. If untreated, trench foot could turn
gangrenous and result in amputation.
Propaganda War
Definition of propaganda:When a government spreads ideas in order
to influence people to support a particular cause.
The reason for propaganda is To recruit soldiers convincing people to volunteer for the military, To encourage people to ration (conserve supplies and food so they could be sent overseas), To raise money to pay for the war which most often would be in form of a victory bond. So basically If you bought one, you would be lending the government money and it would pay you back later with interest.
How propaganda influenced people was Propaganda seeks to manipulate people to do something that they might
not otherwise do. The government used different methods to do such as Make joining the military seem like a great adventure,Make people feel guilty about not doing enough to help win the war and by Make people hate or be scared of the enemy.
The starting of WW1
First 1- In protest, Princip killed
Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the
Austrian throne. Austria retaliated by
invading Serbia.
second- Russia, an ally of Serbia,
declared war on Austria-Hungary.
third- France, an ally of Russia,
declared war on Austria-Hungary.
fourth- Germany, an ally of Austria-
Hungary, declares war on Russia
and France
fifth- Germany goes through
Belgium to attack France. Britain, an
ally of Belgium, declares war on
Germany.
sixith- When Britain declared war
on Germany, all of its former
colonies declared war (India,
Canada, Australia, South Africa)
seventh-Japan, who had an alliance
with Britain, declares war on
Germany.
Thus, between June and August 1914, many countries from around the world had entered the war.
