Transcription

CELLS

por Erica Mertens

Biology Biology is the study of life; in this unit we talked about cells (types, what they're made up of and specialization), the cell cycle, 3 organ system, and the interactions between the different systems.

por Ragubavan Sathurtheha

Plant Physiology

por Anna mariz Bonde

Lab EQuipment and safety

por Baksh Fareeze

Endomembrane system

ATP

Dimer

chromosomes

Bacteria

contains

capsule

Ribosomes

flagella

ORI

DNA polymerase

DNA pol I

Ligase

DNA Pol III

deoxynucleotide triphosphates

new strand

deoxyribose sugar

DNA Replication

Single-stranded binding

RNA primer

Topoisomerase

helicase

Lagging strand

polynucleotide strand

intermediate filaments

microfilaments

microtubules

tubulin

Actin filaments

myosin

Actin

dimers

protofilaments

polypeptide subunits

Switch On/off

Downstream

Upstream

G Proteins

Protein Kinase

increased Cell Division

Ras Protein

Protein Kinases

Normal Cell Division

Cellular response

cellular respiration

Eukaryotic cell organelles

Double membrane

crystalloid core

lysosomes

membrane

Glycosylated membrane transport proteins

lipid layer

hydrolytic enzyme mixture

outer membrane

intermembrane space

color codes:

dark blue- eukaryotic cell
pink - prokaryotic cells

inter membrane space

inner membrane

ATP synthase particles

cristae

matrix

granules

Cytoskeleton

filaments

Golgi apparatus

vesicle

trans face

cis face

cisternae

lumen

incoming transport

secretory

newly forming

ribosomes

Proteins

Membrane proteins

Integral Proteins

Transmembrane Protein

Peripheral proteins

Glycoproteins

Free ribosome

ER or Mitochondria, nucleus, peroxisomes, chloroplast, cytoplasm, or out the cell

nucleus

nuclear pores

nuclear envelope

chromatin

nucleoplasm

nucleolus

Endoplasmic reticulum

rough ER

smooth ER

plasma membrane

Facilitated diffusion

Osmosis (water)

Active transport

passive transport

phospholipid bilyar

lipid molecule

fatty acid

Glycerol backbone

phosphate group

unsaturated

trans-fatty acid

polyunsaturated

monounsaturated

saturated

Biosphere

Communities

populations

Organisms

Organs

Tissues

Cells

prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

plant

cell wall

vacuoles

cytoplasm

organelles

chloroplasts

photosynthesis

mitochondria

respiration

plasmodesmata

animal

Extracellular matrix

proteins and carbohydrates

Cell communication within tissue and tissue formation

cell membrane

made of proteins and lipids

tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions

Cytosol

peroxisomes

Chlorplast

Mitochondria

Signal peptidase

RNA Polymerase

Free Ribosomes

enter the endomembrane system by going:

Rough ER

Protien folding

Glycoprotein

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes

out the cell to be used outside

preMRNA

RNA Polymerase II

separates 2 strands of DNA to join complementary RNA

tRNA

Mutations

Frameshift

Nonsense

Missense

Initiation of Translation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Codon Recognition

Cell Communication/Signalling

Feedback regulation

Negative feedback

decreased gene expression

Positive feedback

increased gene expression

long distance

local

Reception

Transduction

Response

regulate activity of proteins causing/inhibiting gene expression

Turn on/off genes

Signaling Pathway

signal molecule

receptor protein

Tyrosine Kinase Receptor

Receptor tyrosine kinase proteins

Kinase

Signal Molecule

Tyrosines

Tyrosine kinase receptor

relay proteins

Transcription factors

Coding DNA for transcription of a specific gene

GPCR

First Messenger

G protein

INACTIVE= GDP BOUND

active= GTP BOUND

Adenyl Cyclase

cAMP (Secondary messenger)

Protein Kinase A

enzymes that transfer phosphate group from ATP to proteins

ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate

Cellular Response

Eukaryotes

Nucleus

DNA

TATA box

meth=start codon

Prokaryotes

Cytoplasm

Initiation

F meth= start codon

Termination

mRNA

Translation