5 Research Methods

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Survey

Most favourite bird seed?

-Relies self-report method -poor memory -Question may misunderstood -description not explanatory

-Assess attitudes variety subjects -Collecting difficult to observe directly data

-not involve direct observation -inferences behaviour by collecting data using interviews/ questionnaires

Correlation

Marriage slows cancer deaths?

not prove causation

used when impractical/unethical

-non experimental -Mathematical technique summarizes data -Determines degree, direction 2 or more variables -measures variables' behaviour

Case Study

What happens when person loses own age track

-descriptive not explanatory -cause-effect conclusion can'y drawn -not represent general population

get detailed contextual view particular phenomena

-Non experimental, descriptive type -In depth descriptive record by outside observer -record individual's experiences/ behaviours

Naturalistic Observation

Raptors Capable hunting packs?

-Behaviour described not explained -take great time

Observe normal setting rather artificial/ limited

-observe behaviour/ phenomenon -natural setting

experimental

Example

Effects Post-event Information memory

Limitations

-only used when practical,ethical -not exactly reflect complex real world

Strengths

Detect cause-effect relationships

Definition

-Manipulationg independent variable -see any changes dependent variable