Properties Of Solution

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The Cell Membrane

Ved Gurleen Toor

Examination Skills

Ved Goodman Mkhatshwa

Background

Ved Allison Palacios

SOLUTIONS: Concentration and Solububility

Ved Alyce Sutcliffe

Properties Of Solution

Colligative Properties

Osmotic Pressure [pressure to stop osmosis]

Subtopic

Low solute concentration => High solute concentration

Freezing Point Depression

Boiling Point Elevation

Vapour Pressure

2 compound system

P(total)= XP + XP

Raoult's Law [ideal solution]

P(solution) = X(solvent)P*(solvent)

Expressing Concentration

Molality (m) = moles of solute kilograms of solvent

Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters solution

ppb = mass of component in solution x 109 total mass of solution

ppm = mass of component in solution X 106 total mass of solution

Mole Fraction, X XA = nA nA + nB +nC

Mass% = mole component in solution x 100 total mole of solution

Factors Affecting Solubility

Solid - Liquid Solution

Qsp < Ksp [no precipitate form]

Qsp > Ksp [precipitate form]

Ksp= [A]^m * [B]^n

Hydration [solute surrounded by water molecules]

Solvation [molecules solvent surround molecules solute]

Liquid - Liquid Solution

Immiscible [form 2 layers]

Miscible [mix completely]

Attractive force between substances

Gas - Liquid Solution [constant T]

S(gas)= k(henry's law)* P(gas)

Temperature

Gaseous - Water [Higher T, Lower S]

Solid - Water [Higher T, Higher S]

Pressure, P [Gas - Liquid System]

Higher P, Higher S

Solute - Solvent Interactions

Stronger attraction, Higher S

Introduction

Types of solution

Supersaturated

Saturated

Unsaturated

Solution [Homogenoues mixture]

Solute [Dissolved susbtance]

Solvent [Gaseous , Liquid]

Solubility, S

Max amt. solute that dissolves in a given amt. of solvent.