C5 - Chemicals of the Natural Environment

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C5 - Chemicals of the Natural Environment

Metals

Electrolysis

Chemicals in the Lithosphere

Identifying Positive Ions

Covalent Bonding

Eg, Carbon Dioxide CO2

Eg, Hydrogen H2

Covalent Bonds - SHARING electons

Due to electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the negative electrons shared between them

Want to make a full outer shell

Environmental Impact

Calculating Masses

Metals From Minerals

Identifying Negative Ions

Chemicals in the Hydrosphere

The Earth's Hydrosphere is in the Oceans

Chemicals in the Atmosphere

Molecular Substances Have Low Melting and Boiling Points

Usually gases and liquids at room temperature

The attractions between the molecules are very weak

Atoms within the molecules are held together by very stong covalent bonds

Dry Air is a Mixture of Gases

Molecular Substances

0.04% Carbon Dioxide

1% Argon

21% Oxygen

78% Nitrogen