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Types of Citations

Indirect Citation: (Paraphrases or summarizes someone's ideas)

Example: Buzan (2011) suggests that mind maps can be used to organize complex information.

Direct Citation: (Quotes the exact words)

Example: "A mind map is a visual tool that helps structure information" (Buzan, 2011, p. 15).

Reasons for Using Citations

Accuracy

Avoids plagiarism and ensures proper attribution of ideas.

Transparency

Allows readers to verify information and explore further.

Credibility

Supports claims and adds authority to your work.

Parenthetical Citation: (Includes author and year in parentheses at the end of the sentence)

Example: This research supports the claim that mind maps are effective learning tools (Buzan, 2011).

Narrative Citation: (Mentions the author and year within the text)

Multiple Authors

Example: La eficacia de las estrategias de aprendizaje cooperativo ha sido ampliamente demostrada (Johnson & Johnson, 1989; Slavin, 1990).

Single Author

Example: As Smith (2023) argues, ...