Third-Wave Civilization Trade Routes

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customs and cultures

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POST CLASSICAL ERA

por Fadilah Mohiuddin

U.S. Trade Deficit

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Holland Colonization

por John Westbrook

Third-Wave Civilization Trade Routes

Hanseatic League

trade with Scandanavia and Kiev Rus

timber, wax, amber, resins, fur, wheat, rye

Baltic to North Sea, on the coast of Northern Europe; "merchant guilds"; 13th-17th centuries

Mediterranean Sea

wine was a commodity

involved Arabs (Muslim world) and Byzantines (Gaul, Iberia, Moaghreb)

minimal trade occurred before fall of Rome (476 CE)

called the Mare Nostrum

IOMS

Swahili civilization; influenced heavily by Bantu culture

Srivijaya

Major Buddhist center in Asia

sailors seldom retained ties to homeland

South China Sea, Southeast Asia, west coast (India), Persian Gulf, East Africa (Zanzibar)

"The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea"

spices, aromatic resins, pearls, Chinese pottery, wine, ivory, porcelain, etc.

American Web

south-to-north diffusion of maize, originating in Mesoamerica; also a north-to-south into the Andean civilization

No "great traditions"

Panama's bottleneck inhibited contact bettween North/South America

limited interaction among large areas

Mainyly Pochteca and Cahokian trading

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

moved from cattle breeders to horse&chariot, then camels

South Saharan salt deposits

exchanged salt for kola nuts and palm oil

animal domestication

Mongols

commerce between China and Persia

Genghis Khan supports international trade

Pax Mongolica

Silk Roads

Spread of the Black Death, Bubonic plague, etc.

connected the Middle East with China/India

Chinese capital of Chang'an (Tang)

Gandhara culture; Zhang Qian is the father of the Road; defense against the Xiongnu by alliance with the Yuezhi

138 BCE - China needs horses, trades silk in return; mulberry bushes are a limiting resource for silkworms