Block 4 Young Review

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Outils numériques

由Abdelaziz Lakhmour

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由Abdul Samoon - David Suzuki SS (2662)

Образовательные веб-ресурсы СДО

由Анастасия Белинская

Food Enzyme

由Pei Xin Wong

Nucleotide Metabolism Synthesis of Purines & Pyrimidines

Pyrimidine Production

Degradation

ALL ARE water soluble ==> NO KIDNEY STONES

Thymine --> CO2, NH4+ and beta-aminoisobutyrate

Uracil --> CO2, NH4+ and beta-alanine

Cytosine ---> de-aminated ===> Uracil

Production

Salvaging

Nucleotides ------phosphorylase-----> nucleosides

Glutamine + CO2 + 2ATP ----> Carbamoyl Phosphate

Enzyme: (CPS-II) Carbomoyl Phosphate Synthase II

POS Feedback: PRPP

NEG FeedbacK: UTP

Purine production

Ribonucleotide Reductase (RR)

Regulation:

Nucleotides -------> deoxynucleotides

Nucleosides ----> uric acid

Excess uric acid ----> GOUT!

Via slavaging dietary nucleotides Nucleotides ---> nucleosides

Inosine ---->Hypoxanthine -----> Xanthine -----Xanthine oxidase--------> Uric Acid

Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase! => less uric acid --> less gout!

Adenosine -------adenosine deaminase-------> Inosine

When broken down = SIDS "bubble boy"

Hypoxanthine ------HGPRT-----> IMP

When broken down = Lesch–Nyhan Disease

Adenine ---APRT----> AMP

when broken down = Kidney Stones

Negative Feedback

GDP and ADP inhibit -->

PRPP synthase

AMP inhibits-->

Adenylosuccinate synthase

GMP inhibit -->

GMP, GDP, & GTP inhibit--->AMP, ADP, & ATPinhibit--->

Glutamine phosphoribosyl amindotransferase

Purine Nucleotide Cycle in muscle cells

Releases NH3

IMP + Aspartate ===> AMP + Fumarate

IMP + ATP + Glutamine ==> GMP

IMP + GTP + Aspartate ==> AMP

PRPP + GLUTAMINE -------> IMP

IMP dehydrogenase

inhibited by mycophenolic acid

IMP is "branch point" b/t ATP and GTP synthesis

Enzyme Glutamine Phophoribosyl Amino Transferase

Ribose 5-P + ATP -----> PRPP

Enzyme PRPP Synthetase